Showing posts with label obama. Show all posts
Showing posts with label obama. Show all posts

Monday, September 26, 2016

Living In Peru: Peru prepares to host APEC Summit 2016


"Peru Prepares to Host APEC Summit 2016"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
Living in Peru
September 26, 2016
Originally published: http://www.peruthisweek.com/blogs-peru-prepares-to-host-apec-summit-2016-110405

Peru will host the 2016 Economic Leaders’ Meeting of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The meeting will take place in Lima on November 17-19. Peru is no stranger to the APECmeetings as it already hosted the 2008 summit.
This year’s meeting is significant for two reasons: first, this will be a great opportunity for new Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski to meet with leaders from the Asia Pacific, a critically important region for Peruvian trade and foreign policy. Additionally, U.S. President Barack Obama is in his last months in office (the U.S. will hold elections in November 2016 and the new president will be inaugurated in January 2017). Hence this will probably be his last tour of Latin America as head of state.
In order to prepare for the high level meeting, the Kuczynski administration has established anExtraordinary High-Level Commission, to be chaired by second Vice-President Mercedes Araoz. The special delegation is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Foreign Trade and Tourism as well as Economy and Finance. According to the Peruvian state news agency Andina, the summit will include some 160 events and 15 thousand delegates. Given the plethora of attendees, including heads of state, it is no surprise that November 17-19 have been declared holidays in Lima and Callao in order to minimize traffic problems.
Peru has a strong interest towards the Asia Pacific as it is a member of the Pacific Alliance, a trade bloc that includes fellow APEC members Chile and Mexico (as well as Colombia). Additionally, theTrans Pacific Partnership, of which Peru is also a member, will create a free trade zone among 12 commercial powerhouses like Australia, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico Singapore and the U.S. Throughout the recent electoral season, then-candidate Mr. Kuczynski promised that he will continue with the trade policies that have helped the Andean country develop in the past decade and a half. Hence it is important for the new head of state to establish personal friendships with the leaders of nations that have vital trade ties with Peru.
It is worth noting that the APEC holds a series of high-level meetings that take place over the course of several months, culminating with the meeting of heads of state. In May, Arequipa hosted a meeting of APEC ministers responsible for trade, while the APEC Small and Medium Enterprise Working Group met in Lima in early September. On 14-16 November, almost parallel to the heads of state summit, there will be the IV meeting of the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC).
One outcome of the meeting will probably be greater economic relations between Peru and China. The two governments will reportedly sign a memorandum of understanding to promote economic cooperation after the summit. Even more, President Kuczynski’s first trip abroad was to China, after which he traveled to the U.S. to attend a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly. The mini-tour took place September 10-22. Visiting these two global powerhouses provided a preliminary idea of the new administration’s foreign policy goals.
One of the Peruvian government’s objectives for the summit itself will be to attract international attention to both the country’s legal forestry sector as well as to place combating illegal logging, a major problem for the Andean country, in the spotlight. To this end, the 10th meeting by APECexperts on illegal logging (EGILAT) already took place in mid August.
APEC has 21 members, including global economic and military powers like the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the United States. Apart from Peru, the only other two Latin American member states are Chile and Mexico. The organization was created in 1989 and Peru became a member in 1998.
Follow W. Alejandro Sanchez on Twitter

Tuesday, April 19, 2016

Presentation: U.S.-Western Hemisphere Relations - The Obama Legacy

"U.S.-Western Hemisphere Relations - The Obama Legacy"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
Presentation
Miami University (Ohio). Washington  DC Program.
February 3rd, 2016

Saturday, June 27, 2015

Interview: Ponto central da visita de Dilma aos EUA é melhoria da relação com Obama, diz analista


"Ponto central da visita de Dilma aos EUA é melhoria da relação com Obama, diz analista"
Interview by: Lamia Oulalou

Segundo o especialista em geopolítica Alejandro Sanchez Nieto, brasileira precisa de uma "vitória internacional" e processo para fim de visto poderia ser uma delas
Quase dois anos depois de cancelar uma viagem aos Estados Unidos após as revelações de Edward Snowden de que havia sido espionada pelo governo americano, a presidente Dilma Rousseff desembarca neste sábado (27/06) no país. A visita é apresentada por Brasília como a mais importante viagem da presidente em seu segundo mandato, com o objetivo de restaurar a confiança entre as duas nações e buscar investimentos para estimular a economia brasileira em recessão.
“Dilma Rousseff precisa de uma agenda positiva”, afirma Alejandro Sanchez Nieto (@w_alex_sanchez), pesquisador do Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA). Para ele, “o ponto central será a qualidade da relação pessoal entre os presidentes Obama e Dilma, ver se eles conseguem consertá-la depois da briga deflagrada pelas revelações sobre espionagem.”
Especialista de geopolítica, assuntos militares e de cybersegurança nas Américas, ele considera que a baixa popularidade da presidente deveria incentivá-la a tentar deixar para trás o episódio da espionagem. “O elemento mais concreto e que seria mais bem visto pelos brasileiros seria avançar no programa de isenção de visto”, avalia o analista. Segundo ele, EUA poderiam aproveitar a reunião para conseguir uma posição mais crítica do governo brasileiro em relação a Venezuela, “mas não será feito abertamente”. 
Opera Mundi: Passados dois anos da visita cancelada devido ao escândalo de espionagem a presidente Dilma Rousseff vai finalmente a Washington. O que o governo dos Estados Unidos está esperando concretamente desta visita?

Alejandro Sanchez Nieto: Essa é uma pergunta engraçada, porque aqui em Washington há muitas especulações sobre este próximo encontro. Nas últimas duas semanas, houve nada menos de três conferências organizadas por grandes centros de pesquisa dedicadas ao Brasil. E, em cada uma, tinha oradores muito importantes como Roberta Jacobson, secretária adjunto para o Hemisfério Ocidental no Departamento de Estado, ou Kenneth Hyatt, o vice-subsecretário de Comércio Internacional do Departamento de Comércio. Infelizmente, se estas pessoas tinham uma ideia clara da agenda da reunião, não deixaram transparecer nada de específico. Ouvi falar de muitos temas: o comércio, um acordo sobre a ciência da educação, as alterações climáticas e até as operações de manutenção da paz da ONU (por conta do envolvimento do Brasil na Minustah no Haiti).


Acredito que se algo concreto sair do encontro será provavelmente, um acordo genérico sobre a cooperação com foco em algum tema que não levante nenhuma controversa, como a educação ou a ciência. Acho também que Dilma provavelmente consideraria uma vitória se ela pudesse voltar para casa com um calendário claro para a entrada do Brasil no Programa Piloto Global Entry, que é o primeiro passo para um programa de isenção de vistos. Poderia haver algumas observações positivas de parte de Washington, apoiando o Brasil como ator importante nas questões globais, mas os EUA ainda não vão respaldar uma mudança no Conselho de Segurança da ONU.
O ponto central será a qualidade da relação pessoal entre os presidentes Obama e Dilma, ver se eles conseguem consertá-la depois da briga deflagrada pelas revelações sobre espionagem. Além disso, fico curioso de saber, já que Obama tem ainda um ano e meio de mandato pela frente, se ele prevê uma "turnê de despedida" da América Latina no próximo ano, e, no caso, se ele iria para o Brasil. Isso seria uma iniciativa muito importante, tanto do ponto de vista do marketing e da diplomacia para que seu sucessor possa continuar restaurando os laços entre os dois países.
OM: O senhor é um especialista de segurança. Acha que o tema da defesa e da segurança será abordado durante a reunião?
ASN: Acho que o comercio de armas não será o foco da reunião Dilma-Obama, mas seria interessante que fosse mencionado pelo menos uma vez durante as reuniões das equipes. De fato, já existe uma parceria entre a brasileira Embraer e a empresa norte-americana Sierra Nevada Corp. Foi neste contexto que os EUA compraram 20 aviões.


Um desenvolvimento interessante aconteceu há algumas semanas. A Agência de Cooperação em Segurança, que supervisiona, dentro do Departamento de Defesa dos EUA, as vendas de armas, publicou um comunicado de imprensa no início de junho que aprova a venda de seis aeronaves Super Tucano para o Líbano – um negócio de US$ 462 milhões. O comunicado dizia: "A proposta de venda deste equipamento não vai alterar o equilíbrio militar básico na região”. Eu vejo isso como um grande desenvolvimento, já que mostra que os EUA estão vendendo armas brasileiras para alguns de seus aliados.
OM: O senhor acha que a questão da espionagem já não pesa mais na relação? Mesmo com as últimas revelações do Wikileaks, nesta semana, sobre os grampos ao governo francês?

ASN: Eu suponho que o governo brasileiro ainda veja Washington com desconfiança, mas este sentimento pode ser rastreado até 1964. No entanto, acho que o governo brasileiro, e especialmente Dilma, percebeu que Brasil precisa ultrapassar este receio, já que o país pode aproveitar bastante de relações mais estreitas com Washington. Embora o principal parceiro comercial do Brasil desde 2009 tenha sido a China, obviamente, nenhum país pode dar ao luxo de perder um parceiro comercial como os EUA.


Acho que a desconfiança pessoal vai continuar, mas Dilma tem problemas internos suficientes, ela precisa de uma agenda positiva.
OM: Como qualificaria a qualidade das relações entre EUA e Brasil hoje?

ASN: Eu diria cordial e aberta do ponto de vista dos negócios, mas não amistosa. Mas, também, queria ressaltar que sempre foi assim. Washington e Brasília têm sido historicamente concorrentes na influência na América Latina e no Caribe. Além disso, quem, neste governo, pode esquecer o papel de Washington no golpe de 1964, quando os EUA enviaram uma frota liderada pelo USS Forrestal? Tenho certeza de que Dilma, com sua historia pessoal durante a ditadura, lembra bem disso.


No entanto, acho que, apesar desta competição por influência, os dois lados têm conseguido construir uma relação cordial, com uma interação social e comercial forte. Como se diz aqui, “live and let live”, ou seja, "viva e deixe viver". O comércio entre os dois países é enorme, em torno de US$ 107 bilhões em 2012. E o se o escândalo da NSA atrapalhou a relação entre os governos, isso não teve impacto sobre as populações. Muitos norte-americanos foram para o Brasil durante a Copa do Mundo e muitos mais irão para o Rio de Janeiro assistir os Jogos Olímpicos. Da mesma forma, em 2015, o Brasil vai enviar cerca de 2,3 milhões de visitantes para os EUA.  As populações de ambos os países não veem um ao outro como uma ameaça, daí seus respectivos governos usam isso como uma base para manter boas relações.
OM: A baixa popularidade da presidente Dilma terá um impacto sobre o encontro com o Barack Obama?
ASN: Dilma precisa de uma "vitória internacional" para tentar melhorar a própria imagem dentro do país. A população brasileira pouco se importaria de saber que Dilma e Obama vão conversar sobre a situação na Venezuela ou Cuba. O que Dilma precisa é voltar com algo que beneficie diretamente aos cidadãos, como o programa de isenção de visto.

OM: Conseguir reatar boas relações com Brasil é uma prioridade para Washington?
ASN: Seria bom, mas não uma prioridade. Obama nunca teve uma “grande estratégia” para América Latina e o Caribe. A visita, deste ponto de vista, não é o sinal de um plano muito pensado pela Casa Branca, é mais um tipo de “controle de danos”. Além disso, Obama tem um ano e alguns meses antes de deixar a Presidência, e tem muitas questões que as quais ele está tentando lidar para deixar um legado completo, tanto no que diz respeito à política interna e como fora do país. Ao nível internacional, Ucrânia, Rússia, a ameaça do Estado Islâmico e o acordo nuclear com Irã são muito mais importantes do que o Brasil. Até porque, para ser franco, não há nenhum problema com o Brasil que não seja a desconfiança provocada pelo escândalo NSA.


Ao nível das Américas, as negociações sobre Cuba e o tema da reforma imigratória são também mais prioritárias. Certamente Obama gostaria de deixar o cargo com boas relações com a maioria dos países da América Latina e do Caribe. Mas isso já aconteceu durante a Cúpula das Américas no Panamá em abril passado, e, antes disso, na Jamaica quando ele se reuniu com os líderes da Caricom. Em ambas as reuniões, ele foi muito bem recebido por seus colegas. Se agora Obama conseguisse melhorar as relações com o Brasil, isso ficaria como uma cereja no bolo.
OM: As revelações da operação Lava Jato acabaram enfraquecendo não só a Petrobras, mas também as grandes construtoras brasileiras. O senhor acha que os EUA querem aproveitar a oportunidade para ampliar a presença de suas empresas no setor petroleiro e da construção?
ASN: Eu não sou um especialista em petróleo, então não posso responder de maneira especifica. Certamente, Washington, como qualquer outro governo, vai se concentrar em seus interesses nacionais e apoiar as suas empresas. Se Obama e seus conselheiros tiverem a oportunidade de empurrar a idéia de que o Brasil deve buscar investimentos estrangeiros no setor de petróleo durante o encontro com Dilma e sua equipe, eles vão fazê-lo. Como eu mencionei, a China é o principal parceiro comercial do Brasil. Por isso, se os EUA podem conseguir ter uma maior presença nos campos de petróleo do Brasil, seria uma boa noticia para eles. Mas duvido que aconteça algo de concreto deste ponto de vista durante esta visita.

OM: Como Washington está vendo o desempenho diplomático e comercial cada vez mais intenso da China no Brasil e de maneira geral na América Latina?

ASN: É claro que Washington sempre acompanha a situação no que se refere à crescente influência de poderes fora das Américas, sejam eles China, Rússia ou Irã. Todos os três países têm vários níveis de relações com o Brasil. Por isso, sem dúvida, Washington está olhando o investimento chinês e outras iniciativas na região, tentando ampliar a própria influência. Por isso, além das iniciativas diplomáticas, tais como a conferência sobre a segurança energética organizada pelo Departamento de Estado, Washington quer intensificar os laços comerciais na região. Deste ponto de vista, finalizar o acordo de TPP seria uma maneira de amarrar firmemente os EUA com aliados como Chile, México e Peru. 

OM: Qual será o impacto da retomada das relações entre Washington e Cuba sobre a visita da presidente Dilma?

ASN: O Brasil tem pedido a reintegração de Cuba no sistema interamericano. Por isso, vê de maneira muito positiva o fato de Obama reatar as relações com Cuba, remover a ilha da lista de Estados que patrocinam o terrorismo do Departamento de Estado, e a próxima reabertura de embaixadas. Se os EUA tivessem vetado (mais uma vez) a participação cubana na Cúpula, não sei se as relações entre os países teriam ficado ainda piores. Teria sido, de qualquer maneira, mais um assunto para discutir, em vez de promover a cooperação.

Gostaria de acrescentar, porém, que, em nível diplomático, estou certo de que Brasília aprova que Cuba esteja ficando cada vez mais perto de voltar a estabelecer relações plenas com Washington.
A possibilidade de que os EUA e Cuba restaurem, além dos laços diplomáticos, as relações comerciais – não dá para saber quando o embrago será totalmente levantado – também representa um desafio para Brasília. Neste cenário hipotético, as empresas dos EUA poderiam investir e ter negócios em Cuba, o que as tornaria concorrentes aos projetos de outras empresas, entre as quais as brasileiras. O Brasil tem investido pesadamente no projeto do porto de Mariel em Cuba, com a criação de uma "zona especial de desenvolvimento" para as indústrias. Então acho que Brasil comemora a retomada das relações, mas o governo deve se perguntar quando esta melhoria vai começar a afetar os investimentos brasileiros na ilha.

OM: O governo dos Estados Unidos vai aproveitar o encontro para pedir uma política mais dura em relação à Venezuela?

ASN: É claro que Washington gostaria que Brasília fosse mais crítico do governo de Nicolas Maduro. Deste jeito, poderiam dizer que os EUA  não são os únicos e que até uma potência latino-americana como Brasil é crítica da Venezuela. Não acho, porém, que isso vai acontecer no curto prazo. O Brasil tem interesses econômicos importantes na Venezuela, e, sobretudo, tenta atuar como mediador para parar a violência em curso lá. Posso imaginar que existe certa frustração em relação a este papel, que foi retratada pela visita dos senadores que queriam ver os líderes da oposição presos, e foram impedidos de fazê-lo.

OM: Esta visita e seus desdobramentos provocaram debates intensos no Brasil sobre o que realmente aconteceu. O Itamaraty chegou a pedir explicações para o governo venezuelano sobre o tratamento dado aos senadores. Este episódio foi interpretado como uma mudança de política do Brasil? O sinal do que o senhor qualificou de “frustração”?

ASN: Acho que as autoridades aqui interpretaram isso mais como um incidente isolado do que uma mudança significativa. Aliás, esta história quase não apareceu aqui na mídia, teve apenas uma matéria de agência que foi reproduzida. Depois disso, não ouvi nenhum porta-voz do governo americano falar do tema. Se você ler os últimos briefings do Departamento de Estado que mencionam que os opositores venezuelanos encerraram a greve de fome e as eleições de dezembro, eles nem mencionam os senadores brasileiros. Para resumir, não vejo Washington pressionar abertamente Brasília sobre isso. Talvez Venezuela, como Cuba, seja discutido quando Obama e Dilma se encontrarem, mas será uma conversa a portas fechadas.

Thursday, June 4, 2015

Presentation: " A Brief Overview of U.S.-Western Hemisphere Relations"


" A Brief Overview of U.S.-Western Hemisphere Relations"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
Senior Research Fellow, Council on Hemispheric Affairs

Miami University (Ohio)
June 4, 2015


Thursday, April 9, 2015

Interview: Cuba: Obama is much more popular than Castro brothers. Why?

"Cuba: Obama is much more popular than the Castro brothers. Why?"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
Interview
Matisak's Blog (A Stamp on the World)


According to one published poll US President Barack Obama is much more popular in Cuba than Castro brothers. Why would you say it is so, how would you read the mood of Cubans out of it?Read few comments.
W. Alex Sanchez, Research Fellow, Council on Hemispheric Affairs
It would be bizarre to believe that in 2015 the population of an authoritarian state like Cuba would truly believe that the U.S. is “the enemy.” Sure, the internet does not have a widespread presence in the Caribbean island as in other countries, but it does have an impact. Additionally, relaxed travel rules allow for Cuban Americans to return to the island and tell their relatives that Washington is some kind of “evil empire,” that is prepared to invade their country.
Moreover, since his election, President Obama himself has been viewed positively by the Latin American masses. His handshake with President Raul Castro during Nelson Mandela’s funeral, while it may have been improvised and inevitable because the two leaders ran into each other and it would have been too awkward for them not to greet, was widely covered in Latin America, as a sign that Washington and Havana under Obama and Raul Castro could fix their historical differences.
Finally, this poll was taken in March, months after the historic December 2014 speech in which both governments declared their intentions to improve relations, so Obama has probably that going on for him.
I would say that this poll may be slightly bias. The Miami Herald explains that this was a “secret” poll taken from 1,200 adults without the knowledge and approval of the Cuban government. So one can only wonder if the support rates for Obama or disapproval for the Castros are in some way skewed even more because of the fear that some Cubans may have felt of getting into trouble for taking part of a secret poll.

Sebastian Arcos, Associate Director, Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University
Although I am not familiar with the methodology used in this poll –and therefore cannot take its validity for granted- I am not surprised by this particular result. Cubans see  in President Obama what they would like to see in their own leaders: Obama is young while most of the Cuban leadership is older than 80; Obama is black-like a majority of Cubans are- while the Cuban leadership is overwhelmingly white; Obama is accountable to the media and to a Congress controlled by the opposition party, while the Cuban leadership is accountable to no one; Obama is willing to give his enemies the benefit of the doubt, while the Cuban leadership calls its opponents “mercenaries” and “traitors” and will not even allow the Ladies in White to march in silence to church without harassment.
Cubans are tired of 57 years of sacrifices, scarcity, repression and propaganda. They need hope in their lives, and they are hopeful that the new policy implemented by President Obama will make their miserable lives a little easier. More than anything, that explains Obama’s popularity. Unfortunately, they will be disappointed.

Saturday, December 20, 2014

VOXXI: US-Cuba relations after President Obama’s speech


"US-Cuba Relations After President Obama's Speech"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
VOXXI
December 17, 2014
Originally published: http://voxxi.com/2014/12/us-cuba-relations-obamas-speech/

Today, Wednesday 17, US-Cuba relations were shaken down to their core due to two recent events.
First there was a prisoner swap between Washington and Havana, which saw the release of U.S. citizen Alan Gross, detained in Cuba, and three Cubans detained in the U.S. Secondly, President Barack Obama gave a speech at noon which charts a new roadmap for US-Cuba relations.
Nevertheless, as is the nature of Washington-Havana relations over the past decades, how much of this is hyperbole and how many objectives ultimately materialize remains to be seen.
Alan Gross spent nearly five years as he was accused by the Cuban government of being a U.S. spy while he was working in Cuba for USAID. Similarly, the three Cubans are part of the “Cuban 5,” an alleged spy network set up by the Cuban government in the U.S. The five were arrested in 1998 and convicted in 2001, two were released years later but three remained in prison.
It’s not the objective of this article to discuss whether either Gross or the Cubans were actually involved in any kind of espionage activities. Unsurprisingly, both Havana and Washington argue that their citizens were wrongfully arrested.
The deal comes as a shock to everyone, as it was generally believed that neither government would release their respective prisoners anywhere in the near future.
Obama’s Speech
Shortly after the announcement of the Gross-Cuban 5 deal was made public, President Obama gave a brief but historical speech in which he outlines his vision for the future of US-Cuba relations.
The key word is that he seeks to “normalize” relations between the two governments.
The State Department has released a fact sheet of the speech’s key points, and we will briefly discuss a few important issues:
1. President Obama plans to participate in the 2015 Summit of the Americas, which will take place in Panama.
Historically, Washington has opposed Cuban participation in this summit. Case in point, the 2012 Summit in Colombia was generally an embarrassment for the host nation as the Colombian leadership had to “uninvite” Cuba in order to accommodate to Washington, which did not want a Cuban delegation present.
Meanwhile, throughout his speech, President Obama did not directly address the participation of the Cuban government in Panama, but rather said that “Cuban civil society must be allowed to participate […] consistent with the region’s commitments under the Inter-American Democratic Charter.”
In other words, Washington could still potentially block a Cuban official delegation from going to Panama.
2. President Obama managed to ease travel and trade restrictions to Cuba in 2011, however, only the U.S. Congress can terminate the embargo.
The fact to keep in mind is that after the recent Midterm elections, both chambers will now be controlled by the Republican Party. With conservatives like Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) among the Republican ranks, it is doubtful that this will happen. President Obama’s speech successfully placed pressure on the U.S. legislative body post-2015 to act on the future of US-Cuba relations.
3. Given the promises made by President Obama, which include that “licensed U.S. travelers to Cuba will be authorized to import $400 worth of goods from Cuba,” one must now ask, what will be the Cuban government’s next move?
Almost parallel to Obama’s speech, President Raul Castro also took to the airwaves to address his nation. First and foremost he praised the release of the Cuban 5 prisoners and he congratulated President Obama’s decision to agree to the swap.
He also “proposed” to the U.S. to adopt initiatives to improve relations in the spirt of the Charter of the United Nations. Nevertheless, Castro mentioned that in spite of the prison swap and renewed diplomatic ties, “the problem has not been solved.” The Cuban leader was referring to the embargo, which Castro said hurts Cuba’s economy and population.
While President Castro’s speech is similarly important, as it is not often that a Cuban leader praises a U.S. president, it remains to be seen if Havana will carry any new initiatives in the near future to keep the momentum going forward.
Relations between Cuba and the U.S. have been at a standstill for years and it seems that whenever there is a positive development, some kind of crisis occurs – case in point, the 2011 lifting of some restrictions was followed by the 2013 incident in which Cuba shipped weapons to North Korea.
For those who want to see US-Cuba relations improve, hopefully 2015 will be a year of positive breakthroughs between the two neighbors.

Saturday, June 28, 2014

VOXXI: Chilean President Bachelet visits Washington


"Chilean President Bachelet visits Washington"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
VOXXI
June 28, 2014
Originally published: http://voxxi.com/2014/06/28/michelle-bachelet-visits-washington/

Chilean President Michelle Bachelet will meet with President Barack Obama on Monday, June 30th, as part of her brief visit to Washington. She will also speak at several organizations while in the U.S. capital.
Consolidating Washington-Santiago relations will apparently be a priority for President Bachelet during her second presidential term. The two governments certainly have plenty of issues that can bring them together.

Points of discussion

One way to view the upcoming encounter is by briefly looking at how the event has been reported in both countries.
On the one hand, the White House released a (very) brief press release on May 8. The document explains how Presidents Bachelet and Obama will discuss “[United Nations] Security Council matters, other multilateral and regional issues, and ongoing negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership.” Apart from the UNSC and the TPP negotiations, the press release is vague about specific topics as it simply mentions global security, social inclusion and free trade.
On the other hand, the Chilean media has gone to greater lengths to stress the importance of this meeting and the possible conversation points. A June 26 commentary in the Chilean daily El Mercurio explains that the meeting will allow President Bachelet to discuss her vision of Chile’s future foreign policy, broadly speaking. The commentary also examines the Trans Pacific Partnership, which will “strengthen [Chile’s] relations with Asia on the long term.” Moreover, El Mercurio highlights how, in order to decrease its oil-dependency, Chile aspires to increase import shale gas from the U.S.
Apart from her meeting with President Obama, President Bachelet will have a busy time in Washington.
On Monday, she will appear at the Brookings Institution, a major DC think tank.  The following day, in a keynote presentation at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, she will discuss “current changes in Chile’s economic policies,” as well as Chile-U.S. commercial relations. Additionally, the Organization of American States will host a Protocol Session in its DC headquarters in her honor – she will likely meet with the OAS Secretary General Jose Miguel Insulza, also a Chilean national.

Interests and counter interests

President Bachelet’s visit to Washington occurs at an interesting time. At the foreign policy level, Chile could become Washington’s new best friend in South America (Colombia notwithstanding), considering Washington’s tense relations with Brazil since the 2013 NSA revelations.
The Chilean leader recently attended a fairly successful summit of the Pacific Alliance, a group of Latin America’s most vibrant economies. By following up her trip to Mexico with another to Washington, Chile’s international pedigree will only grow.
However, while the U.S. is focused on Russia and the destabilization of Iraq, it would be shortsighted to assume that Washington does not have its own interests to bring up regarding Chile’s role in the global arena.
Chile is a non-permanent member of the UNSC until December 2015 and hence, should the U.S. want to push for a resolution within the next year and a half (i.e. regarding Syria, Iraq, or Ukraine), it would be helpful for Washington to have several UNSC members, like Santiago, on its side.
Additionally, while Chile is interested in the TPP, Santiago has resisted some of Washington’s requirements. Specifically, Chile is concerned about the TPP’s stance on copyright, patents, and intellectual property ownership. The Chilean media speculate that the TPP in its current form could mean more expensive imports of U.S. medicines.
When asked by the Washington Post about her stance on the TPP, the Chilean head of state remarked, “we don’t have much information on the process regarding the scope and limitations of the TPP…. We will protect all the agreements we already have established with the U.S.”, reflecting a diplomatically neutral answer.
Timing is not on the side of the White House as mid-term elections are set to occur this November. It would be ideal for the Obama administration to send a TPP agreement to Congress before then. In other words, President Obama will likely pressure the South American leader to support the TPP when they meet on Monday.
Finally, it will be interesting if President Bachelet discusses more sensitive issues during her time in Washington, besides U.S.-Chile relations. These include ongoing protests from the Mapuches, an indigenous group of Chile, the territorial dispute with Bolivia, or the situation in Venezuela.

Lots of praise

President Bachelet will receive a VIP treatment during her upcoming trip to Washington, including a meeting with President Obama, numerous engagements and a reception at the OAS.
Moreover, there is a positive attitude towards Chile’s current situation. For example, the Center for Strategic and International Studies explains, “Chile is one of two Latin American countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and is poised to become the first developed nation in South America.”
With this ideal momentum, President’s Bachelet trip to Washington will hopefully conclude with some positive agreement. Bolstering her country’s image is always beneficial, but it is not necessarily enough.

Thursday, May 29, 2014

VOXXI: President Obama’s foreign policy vision does not include Latin America


"President Obama's Foreign Policy Vision does not include Latin America"
W. Alejandro Sanchez
VOXXI
May 29, 2014
Originally published:  http://voxxi.com/2014/05/29/foreign-policy-latin-america-obama/


President Barack Obama vision on foreign policy  –unsurprisingly–  does not looks like it will be focusing much of its attention on Latin America.
The May 28 foreign policy speech at West Point Academy by the head of state highlighted the perception of Latin Americanists, including myself, that the Obama administration will maintain cordial but unexceptional relations towards the rest of the Americas in the immediate future.
In the address, Obama explained his vision for U.S. foreign and defense policy for the last two years of his presidency.
Unfortunately, references to Latin America were few and far between.

POTUS (Briefly) mentions Latin America

One important section of President Obama’s address discussed how the United States has reduced military operations in Afghanistan, since “Al-Qaida’s leadership [in] Pakistan and Afghanistan has been decimated.” Moreover, Obama took a jab at Russia and China; arguing that their recent actions, in Ukraine and the South China Sea respectively, worry their neighbors.
In contrast, the only Latin American nation President Obama addressed by name was Brazil, when he mentioned the rising middle classes in Brazil and India and how their governments seek a greater presence in global forums. He also addressed Brazil and other U.S. allies in a discussion on cybersecurity. President Obama declared, “we are putting in place new restrictions on how America collects and uses intelligence — because we will have fewer partners […] if a perception takes hold that we’re conducting surveillance against ordinary citizens”
While this statement does not mention Brazil directly, it does reference Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, who has been one of the most outspoken critics of the 2013 revelations that the NSA spied on Washington’s allies. The Brazilian leader went so far as to cancel a trip to the U.S. in October to protest Washington’s conduct.
President Obama’s praise of Brazil’s middle class and his promise to place greater restrictions on intelligence operations can be interpreted as a message that Washington still wishes to strengthen bilateral relations with Brazil.
Finally, the U.S. leader renewed his pledge to close the controversial detention center in Guantanamo Bay, “because American values and legal traditions do not permit the indefinite detention of people beyond our borders.” Whether the U.S. leader can accomplish this within the next two years is debatable. For years he has promised to shut down the detention center but, so far, little progress has been made.
Hypothetically speaking, if the Democrats were to gain a significant majority in November’s mid-term elections President Obama could have enough support to (finally) stay true to his promise.  Nevertheless, a realist would argue that the U.S. President’s intention to shut down the Guantanamo Bay prison is an objective, alas not a priority

From 2014 to 2016

On a personal note, I must confess that I did not expect the U.S. leader to only vaguely refer to Latin America. Over the past months, I have discussed the various visits of senior officials to Latin American nations: President Obama’s trip to Mexico, Vice President Biden’s visit to Chile, and Secretary of Defense Hagel’s visit to Mexico and Guatemala, to name a few. However, as previously noted, Brazil was the only regional country referred to by name in the president’s speech.
The U.S. head of state did stress the importance of partnerships and coalitions. The U.S. continues to profit from having allies in Latin America but, rather than creating military coalitions to invade Iraq, these nations have focused on operations like combating drug trafficking. Washington provides financial and military assistance to regional allies – case in point Guatemala – and we should expect this trend to continue.
Interestingly, President Obama failed to mention drug trafficking and other security challenges facing the Western Hemisphere. The absence of such a discussion suggests that U.S. military aid to the region under the umbrella of Southern Command (the component of the U.S. military that oversees most of Latin America and the Caribbean) will remain scarce for the foreseeable future.
As a final point, on the issue of the possibility of military interventions, the President stated that “international opinion matters, but America should never ask permission to protect our people.”
While it would be natural for any country’s commander-in-chief to issue such a statement, the remark raises the question of future U.S. military initiatives in Latin America. The U.S. armed forces have recently carried out humanitarian missions in Central America; nevertheless, farther south the situation is grimmer.
Namely, when Secretary of State Kerry recently commented on the situation in Venezuela, VenezuelanForeign Affairs Minister Elias Jaua stated that Kerry should “mind his own business.” Over the past months (and years) the Venezuelan government has regularly accused Washington of trying to destabilize the country.
It will be interesting to see how President Obama’s speech is interpreted across Latin America, particularly by governments at odds with Washington.
Predictably, President Obama hardly mentioned Latin America in his speech on the future of U.S. foreign and defense policy. One could argue that this demonstrates that Washington does not see the region as a priority. If no other new initiatives a la JFK’s Alliance for Progress occur in the next two years, hopefully President Obama can at least be successful in shutting down the Guantanamo Bay prison. But even this seems unlikely.

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Blouin Beat: World - Mamet gaffe not central to U.S.’s Argentina problem



Mamet gaffe not central to U.S.'s Argentina Problem
W. Alejandro Sanchez
Blouin Beat: World
February 10, 2014
Originally published: http://blogs.blouinnews.com/blouinbeatworld/2014/02/10/mamet-gaffe-not-central-to-u-s-s-argentina-problem/


A bizarre incident occurred on Capitol Hill during the confirmation hearing of Noah Mamet, the Obama administration’s nominee for U.S. ambassador to Argentina. During a grilling by members of the Foreign Relations Committee, including New Jersey Democrat Robert Menendez and Florida Republican Marco Rubio, it came out — via a question from Rubio that quickly made its way into viral stardom — that the would-be ambassador had never been to Argentina.
Mamet is not a diplomat (like most ambassadorial appointees) but rather a long-time supporter of the Democratic Party. Mamet raised a reported half a million dollars for President Obama’s 2012 reelection campaign, and critics are calling the ambassadorial post his reward.  The blunder sparked off a minor domestic firestorm, with opponents of the president attacking him for cronyism and questioning his foreign-policy chops. By Slate’s reckoning, Mamet is not alone in being a bundler with a prestige  ambassadorial appointment — 23 have made it into the diplomatic corps so far since the start of Obama’s first term.  True, Obama is not the first leader who has nominated individuals to diplomatic posts as a reward. Nevertheless, an ABC commentary highlights that he has “has rewarded political supporters with plum ambassadorships more than his predecessors. So far, 37 percent of Obama’s appointments have been political, compared to 30 percent under George W. Bush and 28 percent under Bill Clinton.”
The domestic politicking around this gaffe is entertaining, but it’s at the international level that the incident with Mamet becomes interesting. The Argentine government does not seem concerned at his lack of direct experience of Argentina. They are reserving their ire for Marco Rubio who, as an addendum to his criticisms of Mamet, slammed the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner for leaning in an “anti-democratic direction”. Jorge Capitanich, Chief of Cabinet of Ministers, stated that “Argentina enjoys a full democracy” and also is “a paradigm of freedom of expression. Everyone expresses their opinion.” Meanwhile, Minister of Foreign Affairs Hector Timermandeclared that “these two senators have been widely critiqued for their extremist policies” in reference to Rubio and Menendez.
Which suggests the discussion regarding Mamet’s nomination needs to focus on what is important: the future of U.S.-Argentina relations.
And the clock is ticking, here. The U.S. has not had an ambassador in Argentina since July 2013, when Ambassador Vilma Martinez completed a four-year term. The interim head of the embassy is the Deputy Chief of Mission, Kevin Sullivan. While there is no reason to doubt Sullivan’s qualifications for his post, Washington sends the wrong message to Buenos Aires by waiting over half a year to appoint an ambassador.  So the quicker they can get a body in that seat, the better — be it Mamet or no.  But if Mamet is indeed confirmed as ambassador to Argentina, he must become proficient on two critically important U.S. policy stances vis-à-vis Argentina. First is the future of Argentina’s debt to international lenders. During the nomination hearing Mamet stated that if he becomes ambassador, he would pressure Buenos Aires to pay its debt with the Paris Club and private creditors (the infamous vulture funds) — a move that will not sit well the Kirchner government.  The other issue to keep in mind in relation to Buenos Aires is the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas. Washington’s neutral (but pro-British) stance regarding the control of the islands has been critiqued by the Argentine government. Mamet will need to learn how to walk that delicate line if he’s going to be an effective emissary.
Whoever steps into Martinez’s shoes will face a monumental task: rebuilding U.S. ties with the Kirchner government. Sniping across the political aisles in the U.S. Congress is only going to hinder that.